Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Mucosal IgA to pre-fusion F protein predicts protection from RSV infection in a high burden setting

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.16.26348479

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Longitudinal trajectories of serum IgG (top row) and mucosal IgA (bottom row) antibody responses against four RSV-B proteins (PreF, PostF, G, NP) over time. Individual participant trajectories are shown as thin lines with low opacity, colored by infection status: not infected (black), sero-detected infections (orange), and PCR-confirmed infections (green). (B) Mean fold-change in antibody titres between the first bleed (pre-epidemic baseline) and second bleed (post-epidemic) for serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses to RSV-B proteins. Bars represent mean fold-change (log10 scale) stratified by infection status, with error bars indicating standard error.

Article Snippet: RSV antigens (RSV-A Pre-Fusion (ProteoGenix, product code: PX-P6126), RSV-B Pre-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 40832-V08B), RSV-A Post-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 11049-V08B), RSV-B Post-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 40999-V08H), RSV-A G protein (SinoBiological, product code: 11070-V08H2), RSV-B G protein (SinoBiological, product code: 13029-V08H, RSV-A Nucleoprotein (SinoBiological, product code: 40821-V08E and RSV-B Nucleoprotein (SinoBiological, product code: 40822-V08F)), were coupled to distinct bead regions.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Mucosal IgA to pre-fusion F protein predicts protection from RSV infection in a high burden setting

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.16.26348479

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Post-infection longitudinal antibody titers for four viral RSV-B proteins (PreF, PostF, G, and NP) across different antibody types; serum IgG and mucosal IgA. Lines show the median posterior predictive fit from the fitted Bayesian model, and the points show the observational titre data, with the size correlating with the sample size for that bin. (B) Peak antibody (x axis) and persistence measured as duration above a 2-fold (left panel) and 4-fold titre rise (right panel) in days. Data points show median posterior values for measurements of four viral RSV-B proteins (PreF, PostF, G, and NP) across different antibody types: serum IgG and mucosal IgA.

Article Snippet: RSV antigens (RSV-A Pre-Fusion (ProteoGenix, product code: PX-P6126), RSV-B Pre-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 40832-V08B), RSV-A Post-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 11049-V08B), RSV-B Post-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 40999-V08H), RSV-A G protein (SinoBiological, product code: 11070-V08H2), RSV-B G protein (SinoBiological, product code: 13029-V08H, RSV-A Nucleoprotein (SinoBiological, product code: 40821-V08E and RSV-B Nucleoprotein (SinoBiological, product code: 40822-V08F)), were coupled to distinct bead regions.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Mucosal IgA to pre-fusion F protein predicts protection from RSV infection in a high burden setting

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.16.26348479

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum IgG, top row; mucosal IgA, bottom row and columns are viral antigen target (PreF, PostF, G, and NP for both RSV-A and RSV-B strains). The solid green line represents the mean estimated probability of protection given exposure to infection as a function of antibody titre, with shaded ribbons indicating 95% credible intervals. Background histograms show the distribution of antibody titres at infection for infected individuals (orange) versus non-infected individuals (gray).

Article Snippet: RSV antigens (RSV-A Pre-Fusion (ProteoGenix, product code: PX-P6126), RSV-B Pre-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 40832-V08B), RSV-A Post-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 11049-V08B), RSV-B Post-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 40999-V08H), RSV-A G protein (SinoBiological, product code: 11070-V08H2), RSV-B G protein (SinoBiological, product code: 13029-V08H, RSV-A Nucleoprotein (SinoBiological, product code: 40821-V08E and RSV-B Nucleoprotein (SinoBiological, product code: 40822-V08F)), were coupled to distinct bead regions.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Mucosal IgA to pre-fusion F protein predicts protection from RSV infection in a high burden setting

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.16.26348479

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model performance comparison across single biomarker models and the dual biomarker model, defined by out-of-sample predictive accuracy (LOO-ELPD, x-axis) and discrimination ability (area under the ROC curve, AUC, y-axis). Circles indicate serum IgG models, squares represent mucosal IgA models, and the triangle denotes the dual biomarker model combining serum IgG and mucosal IgA to RSV-B PreF. The best-performing model within each biomarker class is highlighted with darker shading. Error bars show the standard error of LOO-ELPD (horizontal) and 95% confidence intervals for AUC (vertical). The dashed horizontal line indicates an AUC of 0.7.

Article Snippet: RSV antigens (RSV-A Pre-Fusion (ProteoGenix, product code: PX-P6126), RSV-B Pre-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 40832-V08B), RSV-A Post-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 11049-V08B), RSV-B Post-Fusion (SinoBiological, product code: 40999-V08H), RSV-A G protein (SinoBiological, product code: 11070-V08H2), RSV-B G protein (SinoBiological, product code: 13029-V08H, RSV-A Nucleoprotein (SinoBiological, product code: 40821-V08E and RSV-B Nucleoprotein (SinoBiological, product code: 40822-V08F)), were coupled to distinct bead regions.

Techniques: Comparison, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Flexible RSV prefusogenic fusion glycoprotein exposes multiple neutralizing epitopes that may collectively contribute to protective immunity

doi: 10.1101/2020.09.14.296350

Figure Lengend Snippet: RSV F constructs used in this study. (A) Linear diagram of the RSV F glycoproteins constructed from the wild-type RSV/A2 fusion glycoprotein gene sequence (GenBank accession number MN125707 ). RSV F has two furin cleavage sites (arrows) that flank the intervening 27 amino acid (p27 fragment, green). To produce the prefusogenic RSV F (BV1184), furin cleavage site II was mutated (KKRKRR → KKQKQQ) to be protease resistant and is retained on the N-terminus of the F1 subunit. The first 10 amino acids of the adjacent fusion peptide were deleted (ΔFP, yellow). The native C-terminal native transmembrane (TM, black) and cytoplasmic tail (CT, white) were retained on the N-terminus of F1. The resulting F2 and F1 ectodomain is covalently coupled by two disulfide bonds (brackets). N-linked glycosylation sites are indicated by “Y”; palmitoleic acid (PAM) is indicated by “⍰”; heptad repeats A, B, and C are indicated by HRA (red), HRB (brown) and HRC (blue). The prefusogenic F structure (BV1184) backbone was used to produce three prefusion F variants. RSV F double mutant (DS) was generated by introducing a stabilizing disulfide bond at positions S155C and S290C within the F1 subunit (designated BV2267). RSV F Cav1 (BV2279) construct was generated by introducing two hydrophobic amino acids at positions S190F and V207L. The RSV F DS-Cav1 construct (BV2280) was generated with S155C/S290C disulfide bond and the S190F/V207L substitutions. Postfusion F (BV2128) was generated with intact furin cleavage sites I and II and truncation of the fusion peptide (ΔFP, yellow). The TM and CT domains were deleted and replaced with a 6-histidine tag (6-H, purple). (B) Surface structures of the RSV F prefusogenic and prefusion trimers indicating key neutralizing antigenic sites antigenic sites Ø (red), V (pink), II (orange), and IV (blue), and the p27 fragment (green). The native transmembrane (TM, black) and cytoplasmic tail (CT, grey) are indicated. The RSV F postfusion 6-heptarepeat bundle (6HR) is indicted.

Article Snippet: Female cotton rats (4-6 weeks old, 50-65 grams) were randomly assigned to groups (N = 6 per groups) and immunized by IM injection with 1.0 μg of the indicated RSV F protein with 30 μg aluminum phosphate (lot 9496, Brenntag Biosector) administered in 2-doses spaced 21-days apart (day 0, 21).

Techniques: Construct, Sequencing, Mutagenesis, Generated

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Flexible RSV prefusogenic fusion glycoprotein exposes multiple neutralizing epitopes that may collectively contribute to protective immunity

doi: 10.1101/2020.09.14.296350

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunogenicity of prefusogenic F and F variants in mice. Groups of mice were immunized by intramuscular injection with prefusogenic F vaccine (BV1184), DS (BV2267), Cav1 (BV2279), DS-Cav1 (BV2280) or postfusion F (BV2128) adjuvanted on days 0 and 21. A separate group was challenged intranasal with 10 6 pfu RSV/A Long. Serum was collected for analysis from all animals on study day 35 (14-days after the second immunization). (A) Anti-prefusogenic F vaccine IgG (BV1184) and (B) antiprefusion F IgG (BV2129) determined by ELISA. A competitive antibody ELISA was used to determine serum levels of antibodies that competed the binding of site-specific mAbs (C) D25 (site Ø), (D) palivizumab (site II), (E) R1.42 (site IV), and (F) R7.10 (p27). (G) RSV neutralizing antibody titers were determined by inhibition of HEp-2 cell infection with RSV/A Long. The horizontal bars indicate the group (N = 10 per group) geometric mean titer (GMT) and the error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval (±95% CI). Significance between the RSV F prefusogenic vaccine (BV1184) group and paired RSV F protein immunized groups is indicated. Limit of detection (LOD). Not significant (ns).

Article Snippet: Female cotton rats (4-6 weeks old, 50-65 grams) were randomly assigned to groups (N = 6 per groups) and immunized by IM injection with 1.0 μg of the indicated RSV F protein with 30 μg aluminum phosphate (lot 9496, Brenntag Biosector) administered in 2-doses spaced 21-days apart (day 0, 21).

Techniques: Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Binding Assay, Inhibition, Infection

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Flexible RSV prefusogenic fusion glycoprotein exposes multiple neutralizing epitopes that may collectively contribute to protective immunity

doi: 10.1101/2020.09.14.296350

Figure Lengend Snippet: Specificity of antibodies elicited by prefusogenic F compared to prefusion F variants in cotton rats. Female cotton rats were immunized with 1.0 μg RSV F proteins with 30 μg aluminum phosphate and a control group was intranasal challenged with RSV/A. Cotton rats were immunized and serum analyzed 21 days after the second immunization as described in . The specificity of the humoral response was determined by the competitive antibody binding ELISA using site-specific mAbs: (A) D25 (site Ø), (B) palivizumab (site II), (C) R1.42 (site IV), and (D) R7.10 (p27). The horizontal bars indicate the group (N = 6 per group) GMT and the error bars indicate the ±95% IC. Statistical significance between the RSV prefusogenic F group (BV1184) and the paired groups is indicated. WHO RSV International Standard (RSV Int Std). Limit of detection (LOD). Not significant (ns).

Article Snippet: Female cotton rats (4-6 weeks old, 50-65 grams) were randomly assigned to groups (N = 6 per groups) and immunized by IM injection with 1.0 μg of the indicated RSV F protein with 30 μg aluminum phosphate (lot 9496, Brenntag Biosector) administered in 2-doses spaced 21-days apart (day 0, 21).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay